不同嫁接方法对甜瓜枯萎病抗性的影响及其生理响应

本文研究了插接、断根嫁接和靠接3种嫁接方法对甜瓜枯萎病抗性的影响。结果显示,3种嫁接方法均能显著提高甜瓜的抗枯萎病能力．但3种嫁接方法之间无显著差异。接种枯萎病菌后,嫁接苗根系活力、叶绿素含量、根系中SOD、POD、PAL活性显著高于自根苗,而MDA含量、相对电导率显著低于自根苗。以上结果表明,嫁接是提高甜瓜对枯萎病抗性的有效措施,但不同嫁接方法对甜瓜枯萎病抗性无显著影响;嫁接苗通过抗氧化系统和PAL活性的提高抵御了枯萎病菌侵染后所致的膜脂过氧化伤害,维持了根系和叶片的正常生理功能,从而提高了嫁接苗对甜瓜枯萎病的抗性。     

发酵法生产虫草素研究进展

综述液体和固体发酵法生产虫草素的研究状况,并展望其发展趋势.     

杜仲生长节律与施肥技术简报

杜仲高生长以4－7月份生长最快，6月份达最高峰；径生长以5－7月为旺盛期，其中6、9月各有一次生长高峰；杜仲林地施肥以4－5月为最佳；施肥量为一个区间，且因树龄而异；施肥按坡台地和平地进行沟施和穴施。     

小径木白桦锯材不同加热方式下含水率的变化

讨论小径木白桦锯材在连续加热和间歇加热方式下含水率的变化规律.结果表明:小径木白桦锯材的干燥速率在含水率15%以后明显降低,前期干燥过程锯材的干燥速率比后期的高2～3倍;间歇加热方式有利于内部水分向外扩散,间歇时间对干燥速率的影响很小;干燥过程中锯材厚度方向上的含水率梯度呈不对称分布,这与小径木的心材占较大比例有一定关系;间歇加热减少了锯材内含水率梯度的变化值,同时减少了应力的产生,从而提高了干燥质量.     

竹材结构的防腐

由于在露天环境中遭遇生物腐蚀,竹秆的持久性差,所以需要采取化学手段增强其耐力.但是它的解剖构造使化学物质难以像木材那样容易进入竹材.竹秆的外部由其表皮保护防水,不像木材那样有径向渗透的途径.而其内部腔隙也有保护性纤维.化学物质的主要渗透途径位于竹秆根部微管束的后生木质部.这些渗透途径分布于横剖面,很不均匀,且少,只占总面积的8～10%,而且在通过竹节时改变方向.由于在采伐时砍伤竹秆,通向导管的细胞腔被堵塞,渗透途径也受影响.周围的薄壁细胞是竹秆组织的主要部分,它们通过微小的纹孔互相连接,只能通过弥散进入.它们所含的淀粉是昆虫和某些真菌的食品.对纤维的保护也有赖于弥散.用化学物质进行保护,对于新鲜的含水量高的竹秆效果最好.就像简单的根部处理,或技术性较强的细胞液改善.新鲜竹秆的薄壁组织和纤维也能通过垂直弥散的方法得到保护.如进行滴渍和浸渍工作,最好在竹材含水分时劈开,因为薄壁组织容易接受弥散.技术措施如竹秆的水分储存和熏蒸的过程,与竹秆的自然结构,尤其是薄壁组织有关.     

The effects of poplar (P. trichocarpa × deltoides) on soil biological properties in a silvoarable system

A silvoarable experimental site in Buckinghamshire, England combined rows of poplar trees with an arable rotation. Soil properties were investigated using soil carbon and the bodysize of invertebrates. Four years after establishment, the soil within and 1 m from the tree rows has significantly higher soil organic matter and invertebrate populations. These effects do not extend far beyond the crown diameter.     

Root architecture in relation to tree-soil-crop interactions and shoot pruning in agroforestry

Desirable root architecture for trees differs between sequential and simultaneous agroforestry systems. In sequential systems extensive tree root development may enhance nutrient capture and transfer to subsequent crops via organic pools. In simultaneous systems tree root development in the crop root zone leads to competition for resources.Fractal branching models provide relationships between proximal root diameter, close to the tree stem, and total root length or surface area. The main assumption is that a root branching proportionality factor is independent of root diameter. This was tested in a survey of 18 multipurpose trees growing on an acid soil in Lampung (Indonesia). The assumption appeared valid for all trees tested, for stems as well as roots. The proportionality factor showed a larger variability in roots than in stems and the effects of this variabilily should be further investigated. A simple index of tree root shallowness is proposed as indicator of tree root competitiveness, based on superficial roots and stem diameter.Pruning trees is a major way to benefit from tree products and at the same time reduce above-ground competition between trees and crops. It may have negative effects, however, on root distribution and enhance below-ground competition. In an experiment with five tree species, a lower height of stem pruning led to a larger number of superficial roots of smaller diameter, but had no effect on shoot:root ratios or the relative importance of the tap root.     

福建省生态公益林建设分析及对策

运用SWOT分析法,论述了生态公益林建设的发展过程,并对生态公益林建设的优势、劣势、机遇与威胁进行系统的分析,正确认识生态公益林建设和保护在社会经济发展的作用和意义；提出了建设好生态公益林必须加大宣传力度、拓展投入渠道、强化政府行为、明确保障措施、建立补偿新机制、建立限制性利用机制等对策措施,进而推进效益补偿的市场化改革,调动生态公益林经营主体积极性,促进福建省生态公益林建设的可持续发展。     

A new cycloartane glycoside from Camptosorus sibiricus

A new cycloartane glycoside was isolated from the whole herbs of Camptosorus sibiricus. By means of spectroscopic methods its structure was established as 3beta, 7beta, 24beta, 25, 30-pentahydroxycycloartane-24, 30-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1). proflixian@163.com     

森林资源资产评估程序和基本方法

论述了森林资源资产评估程序,简要介绍了基本方法。